Tafseer of Mary · Maryam · 19:74
And how many a generation have We destroyed before them who were better in possessions and [outward] appearance?
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The Exalted says: and how many did We destroy before these people, O Muḥammad — the people of unbelief (kufr) who said to the believers when Our verses were recited to them: "Which of the two parties has a better dwelling and a finer assembly?" — how many generations who possessed more goods in their dwellings than these, who looked finer and had more comely forms; We destroyed their possessions and altered their forms. Hence the saying of ʿAlqama ibn ʿAbada:
"Dark red like the color of the purple cloth he spreads out, offered for sale as a garment in the folded chest."
— by al-sawwān (the chest) he means the chest in which garments are kept.
In accordance with what we have said about this, the people of tafsīr also spoke.
* Mention of who said that:
Muḥammad ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Muʾammal related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Abū Ẓabyān, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās — concerning أَحْسَنُ أَثَاثًا وَرِئْيًا (finer in possessions and appearance): he said: al-riʾy is the outward sight (al-manẓar); al-athāth is the possessions (al-matāʿ).
Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Ibn Abī ʿAdiyy related to us, on the authority of Shuʿba, on the authority of Sulaymān, on the authority of Abū Ẓabyān, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: he said: al-riʾy is the outward sight.
ʿAlī related to me, saying: ʿAbdullāh related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning his word أَحْسَنُ أَثَاثًا وَرِئْيًا : he says: outward sight.
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās — concerning أَحْسَنُ أَثَاثًا وَرِئْيًا : al-athāth is the wealth (al-māl); al-riʾy is the outward sight.
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Hawdha related to us, saying: ʿAwf related to us, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, concerning his word أَثَاثًا وَرِئْيًا : he said: al-athāth is the finest of possessions; and al-riʾy: he said: the wealth.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: Allah says وَكَمْ أَهْلَكْنَا قَبْلَهُمْ مِنْ قَرْنٍ هُمْ أَحْسَنُ أَثَاثًا وَرِئْيًا (how many generations have We destroyed before them who were finer in possessions and appearance): that is to say: who had more possessions, a finer dwelling and a better abode — and Allah destroyed their possessions and altered their forms for them.
Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning his word أَحْسَنُ أَثَاثًا وَرِئْيًا : he said: finer forms and more possessions.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us — and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — all on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid — concerning أَثَاثًا : he said: the possessions (al-matāʿ); and وَرِئْيًا : he said: in what people see.
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid — to the same effect.
Ibn Ḥumayd and Bishr ibn Muʿādh related to us: they said: Jarīr ibn Qābūs related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: al-athāth is the wealth; al-riʾy is the fine outward sight.
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ al-Khurāsānī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās — concerning وَرِئْيًا : outward sight in color and beauty.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning his word أَحْسَنُ أَثَاثًا وَرِئْيًا : he said: al-riʾy is the outward sight; al-athāth is the possessions — finer in possessions and finer in appearance.
It was related to me on the authority of al-Ḥusayn: he said: I heard Abū Muʿādh say concerning his word أَحْسَنُ أَثَاثًا — he means: the wealth; وَرِئْيًا : he means: the fine outward sight.
The Qurʾān reciters differed over the reading of it. The majority of the reciters of Medina read: "wa-riyyan" — without hamza; when it is read thus it has two possible interpretations: one is that the reciter intended the hamza but replaced it with a yāʾ, so that the substitute yāʾ and the yāʾ that forms the lām al-fiʿl came together and were merged into a doubled yāʾ — in order to make it conform, at the end of the verse, to the corresponding verse-endings before and after it. The other interpretation is that it derives from "rawaytu arwā riwāyatan wa-riyyan," and when this is what is intended, the meaning of the words is: and how many generations have We destroyed before them who were finer in possessions and had better insight into their wealth and knowledge of managing it — for the Arabs say: "how fine an insight (ruʾya) so-and-so has into this matter" when he has good insight and knowledge of it. The majority of the reciters of Iraq, Kūfa and Baṣra read وَرِئْيًا with hamza, in the sense of: seeing with the eye, as if he meant: finer in possessions and appearance. It has also been transmitted that one of them read: "aḥsanu athāthan wa-ziyyan" — with zāy — as if he meant: finer in possessions, semblance and outward appearance; al-ziyy is the semblance and the outward appearance, from the word "zayyaytu al-jāriya": I adorned the girl and prepared her.
Abū Jaʿfar says: The most correct reading is that of the one who reads أَثَاثًا وَرِئْيًا — with rāʾ and hamza — because the scholars of tafsīr are agreed that it means "the outward sight" (al-manẓar), and that is from seeing with the eye, not from "riwāya" (transmission) — and for that reason the reading with hamza is preferable. If a reciter reads it without hamza but intends the same meaning, then he commits no error in his reading. As for the reading with zāy — that is a reading that diverges from the reading of the (recognized) reciters, and I do not consider it permissible to follow that reading because of its divergence from their reading, even though it has a valid interpretation in the explanation.
The Arabic grammarians differed over al-athāth — whether it is a plural or a singular. Al-Aḥmar said — so far as I have heard concerning him — that it is a plural, whose singular is uthātha, just as al-ḥamām is a plural and the singular is ḥamāma, and al-saḥāb is a plural and the singular is saḥāba. Al-Farrāʾ, however, said: it has no singular, just as al-matāʿ has no singular. He said: the Arabs form the plural of al-matāʿ as "amtiʿa," "amātiʿ" and "matāʿ." He said: if you were to decline al-athāth you would say: "thalāthatu athāthin wa-athāth." As for the plural of al-riʾy: that is "arāʾ."