Tafseer of Mary · Maryam · 19:11
So he came out to his people from the prayer chamber and signaled to them to exalt [Allah] in the morning and afternoon.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Allah the Exalted says: Zakariyyāʾ went out from his place of prayer to his people, after his tongue had been bound from speaking with the people — as a sign from Allah to him concerning the truth of His promise to him. Ibn Jurayj used to say concerning the meaning of his going out from his miḥrāb that which al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj: فَخَرَجَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ مِنَ الْمِحْرَابِ — he said: "He looked down upon his people from the miḥrāb."
Abū Jaʿfar said: We have previously explained the meaning of al-miḥrāb in a manner that makes it unnecessary to repeat it here.
Yūnus related to us, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word فَخَرَجَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ مِنَ الْمِحْرَابِ : "The miḥrāb is his place of prayer" — and he cited: فَنَادَتْهُ الْمَلائِكَةُ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ يُصَلِّي فِي الْمِحْرَابِ .
His word: فَأَوْحَى إِلَيْهِمْ — he says: he gestured to them; that gesture may be with the hand, or with writing, or with something else by which his intention is understood. The Arabs have for this two forms of expression: "waḥā" and "awḥā." Whoever says "waḥā" says in the imperfect tense "yaḥī"; whoever says "awḥā" says "yūḥī." Likewise "awmā" and "wamā": whoever says "wamā" says "yamī"; whoever says "awmā" says "yūmī."
The exegetes differed concerning the manner in which he made revelation (awḥā) to his people. Some said: he gestured to them with his hand.
Mention of those who said that:
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to us, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to us, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us; both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: (فَأَوْحَى) — "Zakariyyāʾ gestured."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid — to the same effect.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq, on the authority of someone whom he did not regard with suspicion, on the authority of Wahb ibn Munabbih: (فَأَوْحَى إِلَيْهِمْ) — he said: "The waḥy is the gesture."
Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda: (فَأَوْحَى إِلَيْهِمْ) — he said: "he beckoned to them."
Others said: the meaning of awḥā here is: he wrote.
Mention of those who said that:
Maḥmūd ibn Khaddāsh related to us, saying: ʿAbbād ibn al-ʿAwwām related to us, on the authority of Sufyān ibn Ḥusayn, on the authority of al-Ḥakam, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the word of Allah the Exalted (فَأَوْحَى إِلَيْهِمْ أَنْ سَبِّحُوا بُكْرَةً وَعَشِيًّا): he said: "he wrote it for them upon the ground."
Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, on the authority of al-Thawrī, on the authority of Ibn Abī Laylā, on the authority of al-Ḥakam: (فَأَوْحَى إِلَيْهِمْ) — he said: "he wrote for them."
Mūsā related to us, saying: ʿAmr related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: (فَخَرَجَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ مِنَ الْمِحْرَابِ) — he wrote for them in a book (أَنْ سَبِّحُوا بُكْرَةً وَعَشِيًّا); that is what is meant by (فَأَوْحَى إِلَيْهِمْ).
Others said: the meaning is: he commanded them.
Mention of those who said that:
Yūnus related to us, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word (فَأَوْحَى إِلَيْهِمْ أَنْ سَبِّحُوا بُكْرَةً وَعَشِيًّا): he said: "I do not know whether it was a writing that he wrote for them or a gesture that he made — Allah knows best. He commanded them to pray 'sabbiḥū' (glorify) at morning and evening, while he was unable to address them."
His word (أَنْ سَبِّحُوا بُكْرَةً وَعَشِيًّا) — We have previously clarified the respects in which tasbīḥ (glorification) may be used; it may here refer to the glorification of Allah, so that it is a command to occupy oneself at the beginning and end of the day with the remembrance of Allah by means of tasbīḥ; it may also refer to the ritual prayer (ṣalāh), so that it is a command to pray at these two times.
Qatāda used to say concerning His word (فَأَوْحَى إِلَيْهِمْ أَنْ سَبِّحُوا بُكْرَةً وَعَشِيًّا): he said: "he beckoned to them that they should pray at morning and evening."