Tafseer of The Cave · Al-Kahf · 18:97
So Gog and Magog were unable to pass over it, nor were they able [to effect] in it any penetration.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The discussion of the explanation of His word: (فَمَا اسْطَاعُوا أَنْ يَظْهَرُوهُ) — Allah the Almighty and Exalted says:
Yaʾjūj and Maʾjūj were not able to climb over the top of the barrier that Dhū al-Qarnayn had made as a partition between them and the people on the other side, such that they could get on top of it and from there descend to the people.
One says: "so-and-so climbed the top of the house" when he climbed it; hence the saying of the people: "so-and-so overcame so-and-so" when he defeated him and gained the upper hand over him. (وَمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا لَهُ نَقْبًا) — He says: nor were they able to bore through it from below.
In accordance with what we have said about this, the exegetes spoke.
Mention of who said that:
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word (فَمَا اسْطَاعُوا أَنْ يَظْهَرُوهُ) and His word (وَمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا لَهُ نَقْبًا) — that is to say: from below.
Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word (فَمَا اسْطَاعُوا أَنْ يَظْهَرُوهُ) — he said: "they were not able to remove it."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Abū Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda: (فَمَا اسْطَاعُوا أَنْ يَظْهَرُوهُ) — he said: "to climb it" (وَمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا لَهُ نَقْبًا).
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj: (فما استطاعوا أن يظهروه) — he said: "to climb it" (وَمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا لَهُ نَقْبًا).
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj: (فَمَا اسْطَاعُوا أَنْ يَظْهَرُوهُ) — he said: "to climb it" (وَمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا لَهُ نَقْبًا) — that is to say: to bore through it from below.
The Arabic linguists differed concerning the reason for the omission of the tāʾ in His word (فَمَا اسْطَاعُوا). Some of the Baṣran linguists said: that was done because it is customary in Arabic to say: "aṣṭāʿa yaṣṭīʿu" — meaning "istaṭāʿa yastaṭīʿu" — with the tāʾ omitted when it came together with the ṭāʾ, because they share the same place of articulation. One of them said: "astāʿa" — with the ṭāʾ omitted for that same reason. Others said: "aṣṭāʿa yaṣṭīʿu" — treating it as a quadriliteral form, as though it were like "aṭāʿa yuṭīʿu", and considering the sīn to be a substitute for the quiescence of the wāw. Some of the Kufan linguists said: this is a term that came into use and was used so much that it was shortened.