Tafseer of The Cave · Al-Kahf · 18:65
And they found a servant from among Our servants to whom we had given mercy from us and had taught him from Us a [certain] knowledge.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of the meaning of His word: فَوَجَدَا عَبْدًا مِنْ عِبَادِنَا آتَيْنَاهُ رَحْمَةً مِنْ عِنْدِنَا: "We bestowed upon him a mercy from Us" — وَعَلَّمْنَاهُ مِنْ لَدُنَّا عِلْمًا: "and We likewise taught him knowledge from Us."
As Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, who said concerning مِنْ لَدُنَّا عِلْمًا: "That is to say: from Us — knowledge."
The reason for the journey of Mūsā ﷺ and his young companion, and for his meeting with this learned man whom Allah mentions in this passage, was — as it is related — that Mūsā was asked: "Is there anyone on earth more learned than you?" To which he answered: "No" — or his soul tempted him to that. Allah deemed this unworthy of him and wished to make him understand that He has among His servants on earth someone more learned than he, and that it did not befit him to make a pronouncement about something of which he had no knowledge, but that he should have left that to the One Who knows it.
Others said: the reason for that was that he asked Allah the Praised and Exalted to lead him to a learned man with whom he might increase his knowledge through that man's knowledge.
Narration of those who said this: Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Yaʿqūb related to us, on the authority of Hārūn ibn ʿAntura, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: "Mūsā asked his Lord and said: 'Lord, which of Your servants is most beloved to You?' He said: 'The one who remembers Me and does not forget Me.' He said: 'Which of Your servants judges most justly?' He said: 'The one who judges according to the truth and does not follow his desire.' He said: 'O Lord, which of Your servants is the most learned?' He said: 'The one who seeks the knowledge of the people to add to his own knowledge — perhaps he comes upon a word that leads him to guidance or holds him back from ruin.' He said: 'Lord, is there anyone on earth [more learned than I]?' He said: 'Yes.' He said: 'Lord, who is he?' He said: 'Al-Khaḍir.' He said: 'And where do I seek him?' He said: 'On the coast, by the rock where the fish escapes.' Mūsā went to seek him, and there happened that which Allah has mentioned, until he reached him at the rock. They greeted one another, and Mūsā said to him: 'I would like you to take me as a companion.' He said: 'You will not be able to bear my company.' He said: 'Yes [I will].' He said: 'If, then, you follow me, do not ask me about anything until I myself make mention of it to you.' فَانْطَلَقَا حَتَّى إِذَا رَكِبَا فِي السَّفِينَةِ خَرَقَهَا قَالَ أَخَرَقْتَهَا لِتُغْرِقَ أَهْلَهَا لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا إِمْرًا * قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُلْ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْرًا * قَالَ لا تُؤَاخِذْنِي بِمَا نَسِيتُ وَلا تُرْهِقْنِي مِنْ أَمْرِي عُسْرًا * فَانْطَلَقَا حَتَّى إِذَا لَقِيَا غُلامًا فَقَتَلَهُ قَالَ أَقَتَلْتَ نَفْسًا زَكِيَّةً بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا نُكْرًا... up to His word لاتَّخَذْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا.' Ibn ʿAbbās said: the saying of Mūsā concerning the wall was for himself and out of desire for something of the world, whereas his saying concerning the boat and the boy was for Allah. قَالَ هَذَا فِرَاقُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنِكَ سَأُنَبِّئُكَ بِتَأْوِيلِ مَا لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ عَلَيْهِ صَبْرًا: he informed him concerning the boat, the boy, and the wall. Mūsā traveled with him across the sea until they arrived at the confluence of the seas — and there is no place on earth with more water than that. He said: Allah sent the kingfisher, which began to drink from it with its beak. It was said to Mūsā: 'How much do you think this kingfisher has diminished of this water?' He said: 'How little it has diminished.' He said: 'O Mūsā, my knowledge and your knowledge, within the knowledge of Allah, are like what this kingfisher has drunk of this water.' Mūsā had convinced himself — or he had uttered — that there was no one more learned than he, and for that reason he was commanded to seek out al-Khaḍir.'
Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: "Mūsā delivered an address to the Children of Israel and said: There is no one more learned concerning Allah and His command than I. Then Allah revealed to him that he should go to this man."
Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda, that it had been said to him: "The sign of your meeting with him is that you will forget a portion of your provisions." So Mūsā set out with his young companion Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn, and they took as travel provisions a salted fish. Until they were at the place that Allah willed; Allah restored the fish its soul, and it made its way through the sea like a tunnel — it traversed it, and it traversed therein no path but it became frozen water. Mūsā and his young companion went on. Allah the Exalted says: فَلَمَّا جَاوَزَا قَالَ لِفَتَاهُ آتِنَا غَدَاءَنَا لَقَدْ لَقِينَا مِنْ سَفَرِنَا هَذَا نَصَبًا... until the verse وَاتَّخَذَ سَبِيلَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ عَجَبًا is reached: Mūsā was amazed at the tunneling of the fish.
Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: "When Mūsā traced the track of the fish, he reached a sleeping man whose face was covered with his garment. Mūsā greeted him. The man drew the garment back from his face, returned the greeting, and said: 'Who are you?' He said: 'Mūsā.' He said: 'The companion of the Children of Israel?' He said: 'Yes.' He said: 'Did you not have enough to keep you occupied among the Children of Israel?' He said: 'Yes [I did], but I have been commanded to seek you out and to keep your company.' He said: إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْرًا, as Allah has recounted, until فَلَمَّا رَكِبَا فِي السَّفِينَةِ خَرَقَهَا: the companion of Mūsā. قَالَ أَخَرَقْتَهَا لِتُغْرِقَ أَهْلَهَا لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا إِمْرًا — he said: this means: a reprehensible thing. قَالَ لا تُؤَاخِذْنِي بِمَا نَسِيتُ وَلا تُرْهِقْنِي مِنْ أَمْرِي عُسْرًا * فَانْطَلَقَا حَتَّى إِذَا لَقِيَا غُلامًا فَقَتَلَهُ قَالَ أَقَتَلْتَ نَفْسًا زَكِيَّهً بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ.
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Ādam related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Dīnār, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, who said: I said to Ibn ʿAbbās: "Nawf claims that al-Khaḍir is not the companion of Mūsā." He said: "The enemy of Allah lies." Ubayy ibn Kaʿb related to us, on the authority of the Prophet ﷺ, who said: "Mūsā stood up among the Children of Israel as a speaker. He was asked: 'Who is the most learned of mankind?' He said: 'I.' Then Allah rebuked him, because he had not returned the knowledge to Him. He said: 'But yes, there is a servant of Mine at the confluence of the two seas.' He said: 'O Lord, how do I reach him?' It was said to him: 'Take a fish and put it in a basket.' Then he said to his young companion: 'When you lose this fish, let me know.' They set out, walking along the shore of the sea, until they arrived at a rock. Mūsā slept, and the fish began to stir in the basket, fell out, and ended up in the sea. Allah held back the flow of the water for it, so that it became like a niche — and for the fish a tunnel, and for them an astonishing thing. Then they went on. When the next morning came, Mūsā said to his young companion: آتِنَا غَدَاءَنَا لَقَدْ لَقِينَا مِنْ سَفَرِنَا هَذَا نَصَبًا. Mūsā did not experience the fatigue until after he had passed the place that Allah had commanded him. The young companion said: أَرَأَيْتَ إِذْ أَوَيْنَا إِلَى الصَّخْرَةِ فَإِنِّي نَسِيتُ الْحُوتَ وَمَا أَنْسَانِيهُ إِلا الشَّيْطَانُ أَنْ أَذْكُرَهُ وَاتَّخَذَ سَبِيلَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ عَجَبًا. Mūsā said: ذَلِكَ مَا كُنَّا نَبْغِ فَارْتَدَّا عَلَى آثَارِهِمَا قَصَصًا. They followed their tracks, came to the rock, and saw there a sleeping man covered in his garment. Mūsā greeted him. He said: 'How is it that in our land there is a greeting?' He said: 'I am Mūsā.' He said: 'The Mūsā of the Children of Israel?' He said: 'Yes.' He said: 'O Mūsā, I possess a knowledge of the knowledge of Allah which He has taught me and which you do not know, and you possess a knowledge of His knowledge which He has taught you and which I do not know.' He said: 'Then I will follow you, that you may teach me of what you have been taught — guidance.' He said: فَإِنِ اتَّبَعْتَنِي فَلا تَسْأَلْنِي عَنْ شَيْءٍ حَتَّى أُحْدِثَ لَكَ مِنْهُ ذِكْرًا. They set out, walking along the shore, and asked people to take them aboard. Al-Khaḍir was recognized and they were taken aboard without charge. A sparrow flew up and perched on the edge and pecked at the water. Al-Khaḍir said to Mūsā: 'My knowledge and your knowledge have diminished of the knowledge of Allah only as much as this sparrow has diminished of the sea.' Suddenly — Mūsā had not seen it coming — he was driving a peg or pulling out a plank. Mūsā said to him: 'We were taken aboard without charge, and now you make a hole in it to drown the passengers? لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا إِمْرًا.' He said: أَلَمْ أَقُلْ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْرًا. He said: لا تُؤَاخِذْنِي بِمَا نَسِيتُ. And the first [transgression] of Mūsā was out of forgetfulness. Then they went on and traveled further. They saw a boy playing with other boys. He seized him by his head and killed him. Mūsā said to him: أَقَتَلْتَ نَفْسًا زَكِيَّهً بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيئًا نُكْرًا * قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُلْ لَكَ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْرًا * قَالَ إِنْ سَأَلْتُكَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ بَعْدَهَا فَلا تُصَاحِبْنِي قَدْ بَلَغْتَ مِنْ لَدُنِّي عُذْرًا. فَانْطَلَقَا حَتَّى إِذَا أَتَيَا أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ اسْتَطْعَمَا أَهْلَهَا, and they found no one who fed them or gave them to drink. They found therein a wall that threatened to collapse. He set it straight with his hand — he stroked over it with his hand. Mūsā said to him: 'They gave us no shelter and did not welcome us; and then you exerted yourself for something for which you receive nothing, when you could have desired to receive a wage for it.' He said: هَذَا فِرَاقُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنِكَ. The Prophet of Allah ﷺ said: 'I would have wished that he had been patient so that he might have told us their stories.'
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, saying: Ibn Isḥāq related to us, on the authority of al-Ḥasan ibn ʿUmāra, on the authority of al-Ḥakam ibn ʿUtayba, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, who said: "I was sitting and Ibn ʿAbbās was reclining while a company of the People of the Book was with him. Some of them said: 'O Abā l-ʿAbbās, Nawf the stepson of Kaʿb claims on behalf of Kaʿb that the Mūsā the prophet who sought out the learned man was Mūsā ibn Mīshā.' Saʿīd said: Ibn ʿAbbās said: 'Does Nawf claim this?' Saʿīd said: I said to him: 'Yes, I have heard Nawf say this.' He said: 'You yourself heard him, O Saʿīd?' I said: 'Yes.' He said: 'Nawf lies.' Then Ibn ʿAbbās said: Ubayy ibn Kaʿb related to me that the Prophet of Allah ﷺ said: 'Mūsā, the prophet of the Children of Israel, asked his Lord and said: 'O Lord, if there is among Your servants one who is more learned than I, then lead me to him.' He said to him: 'Yes, there is among My servants one who is more learned than you.' Then He described to him his dwelling place and gave him permission to meet him. Mūsā set out together with his young companion, and with them was a salted fish. He had been told: 'When this fish comes to life in a place, your companion is there and you have reached your goal.' Mūsā set out with his young companion while that fish was with them, which they carried. He traveled until the journey wearied him, and he reached the rock and that water — the water of life, whoever drank of it remained forever. Nothing dead came near it but it became living. When they halted and the water touched the fish, it became living and made its way through the sea like a tunnel. They went on; when they had passed his point of departure, Mūsā said: آتِنَا غَدَاءَنَا لَقَدْ لَقِينَا مِنْ سَفَرِنَا هَذَا نَصَبًا. The young companion related and mentioned: أَرَأَيْتَ إِذْ أَوَيْنَا إِلَى الصَّخْرَةِ فَإِنِّي نَسِيتُ الْحُوتَ وَمَا أَنْسَانِيهُ إِلا الشَّيْطَانُ أَنْ أَذْكُرَهُ وَاتَّخَذَ سَبِيلَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ عَجَبًا. Ibn ʿAbbās said: Mūsā climbed onto the rock when they arrived at it — and behold, there was a man wrapped in a garment. Mūsā greeted him, and the learned man returned his greeting. Then he said to him: 'And what brings you here? Do you not have enough to occupy you among your people?' Mūsā said to him: 'I come to you that you may teach me of what you have been taught — guidance.' قَالَ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْرًا. And he was a man who possessed knowledge of the unseen and had been taught in it. Mūsā said: 'Yes [I can].' He said: وَكَيْفَ تَصْبِرُ عَلَى مَا لَمْ تُحِطْ بِهِ خُبْرًا: that is to say: you know only the outward aspect of what you see of that which is just, and you do not encompass of the knowledge of the unseen what I know. قَالَ سَتَجِدُنِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ صَابِرًا وَلا أَعْصِي لَكَ أَمْرًا — even though I see what is repugnant to me. قَالَ فَإِنِ اتَّبَعْتَنِي فَلا تَسْأَلْنِي عَنْ شَيْءٍ — even though it is something that you reject — حَتَّى أُحْدِثَ لَكَ مِنْهُ ذِكْرًا. They set out, walking along the shore of the sea, and offered themselves to the people to take them aboard. No ship had passed by them more beautiful or finer or stronger than that ship — new and sturdy — and they asked its crew to take them aboard. They took them aboard. After they had nestled themselves in it and they were deep at sea with its crew, he took out an awl and a hammer, set himself upon a part of it, and struck it with the awl until he had made a hole; then he took a plank and placed it over it and sat upon it while he patched it up. Mūsā said to him — for he saw something terrible: أَخَرَقْتَهَا لِتُغْرِقَ أَهْلَهَا لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا إِمْرًا * قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُلْ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْرًا * قَالَ لا تُؤَاخِذْنِي بِمَا نَسِيتُ: that is to say: what you had abandoned of your promise — وَلا تُرْهِقْنِي مِنْ أَمْرِي عُسْرًا. Then they got off the ship. They went on until they came to the people of a settlement, and behold: boys were playing behind it, and among them was a boy more handsome and more prosperous and more beautiful than all the other boys. He took him by the hand, took a stone, and smashed his head with it until he killed him. Mūsā saw something terrible against which no patience could be summoned — a small child without any guilt. قَالَ أَقَتَلْتَ نَفْسًا زَكِيَّةً بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ: that is to say: small, without there being a soul [in recompense]. لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا نُكْرًا * قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُلْ لَكَ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْرًا * قَالَ إِنْ سَأَلْتُكَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ بَعْدَهَا فَلا تُصَاحِبْنِي قَدْ بَلَغْتَ مِنْ لَدُنِّي عُذْرًا: that is to say: you have reached an excuse in my matter. فَانْطَلَقَا حَتَّى إِذَا أَتَيَا أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ اسْتَطْعَمَا أَهْلَهَا فَأَبَوْا أَنْ يُضَيِّفُوهُمَا فَوَجَدَا فِيهَا جِدَارًا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَنْقَضَّ: he tore it down and then sat down by it to rebuild it. Mūsā was vexed by what he saw him doing, on account of the burden of the imposed trouble for something for which he could summon no patience. Mūsā said: لَوْ شِئْتَ لاتَّخَذْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا: that is to say: they asked us for food but did not feed us, and they took us in but did not give us shelter. And you sat down without performing anything, when you could have desired to be paid for his work. قَالَ هَذَا فِرَاقُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنِكَ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: لَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ صَبَرَ حَتَّى يَقُصَّ عَلَيْنَا قَصَصَهُم.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, saying: Ibn Isḥāq related to us, on the authority of al-Ḥasan ibn ʿUmāra, on the authority of his father, on the authority of ʿIkrima, who said: "It was said to Ibn ʿAbbās: 'We have not heard the young companion of Mūsā mentioned in the narration, even though he was with him.' Ibn ʿAbbās said, of what is mentioned concerning the young companion: 'The young companion drank of the water and became immortal. The learned man took him and placed him as a sealing in a boat, then sent him out into the sea — and he drifts upon it until the Day of Judgment, for it had not been permitted to him to drink of it, but he drank of it.'"
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَى لِفَتَاهُ لا أَبْرَحُ حَتَّى أَبْلُغَ مَجْمَعَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ أَوْ أَمْضِيَ حُقُبًا: "When Mūsā and his people held sway over Egypt, he had his people settle in Egypt. When they had established themselves there, Allah revealed to him: وَذَكِّرْهُمْ بِأَيَّامِ اللَّهِ. He would then deliver an address to his people and mention what Allah had granted them of good and benefaction, and remind them that Allah had saved them from the people of Pharaoh, and remind them of the destruction of their enemy, and of how Allah had made them inheritors in the land. He said: 'Allah spoke to your prophet a true speaking, chose me for Himself, caused a love from Him to descend upon me, and Allah granted you of everything that you asked of Him.' He mentioned no favor that Allah had bestowed upon them but he named it and made it known to them. A man of the Children of Israel said to him: 'That is so, O Prophet of Allah, that we know. But is there anyone on earth more learned than you, O Prophet of Allah?' He said: 'No.' Then Allah sent Jibrīl to Mūsā ﷺ, who said: 'Allah says: 'How do you know where I place My knowledge? But yes, there is on the shore of the sea a man more learned than you.' Ibn ʿAbbās said: that is al-Khaḍir. Mūsā asked his Lord to show him to him. Allah revealed to him: 'Go to the sea, for you will find on the shore of the sea a fish; take it and hand it over to your young companion. Then keep walking along the shore of the sea; when you forget the fish and it is lost from you, the righteous servant whom you seek is there.' When Mūsā, the Prophet of Allah, had traveled long and exerted himself, he asked his young companion about the fish. His young companion — his servant — said to him: أَرَأَيْتَ إِذْ أَوَيْنَا إِلَى الصَّخْرَةِ فَإِنِّي نَسِيتُ الْحُوتَ وَمَا أَنْسَانِيهُ إِلا الشَّيْطَانُ أَنْ أَذْكُرَهُ. The young companion said: 'I saw how the fish made its way through the sea like a tunnel.' This amazed Mūsā, and he turned back until he arrived at the rock. The fish turned out to be swimming about in the sea; Mūsā followed it and stretched out his staff to push the water aside in following the fish. The fish touched nothing of the sea but it dried up and became a rock. The Prophet of Allah was amazed at this until the fish led him to an island of the islands of the sea, and he found al-Khaḍir on it. Mūsā greeted him. Al-Khaḍir said: 'And upon you be peace. Who are you?' He said: 'I am Mūsā.' Al-Khaḍir said: 'The companion of the Children of Israel?' He said: 'Yes.' He welcomed him and said: 'What brings you here?' He said: 'I come to you that you may teach me of what you have been taught — guidance.' قَالَ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْرًا. He said: 'You will not be able to do that.' Mūsā said: سَتَجِدُنِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ صَابِرًا وَلا أَعْصِي لَكَ أَمْرًا — even though I see something that is repugnant to me. قَالَ فَإِنِ اتَّبَعْتَنِي فَلا تَسْأَلْنِي عَنْ شَيْءٍ that you reject from me حَتَّى أُحْدِثَ لَكَ مِنْهُ ذِكْرًا. They set out, walking along the shore of the sea, and offered themselves to the people and sought whoever would take them aboard, until a new, sturdy ship passed by them — of the ships that passed by, there was none more beautiful, finer, or stronger than this. They asked its crew to take them aboard. They took them aboard. After they had nestled themselves comfortably in it and the ship lay deep at sea together with its crew, he took out his awl and hammer, betook himself to one side of it, and struck it with the awl until he had made a hole; then he took a plank and placed it over it and sat upon it while he patched it up. Mūsā said to him — for he saw something dreadful: أَخَرَقْتَهَا لِتُغْرِقَ أَهْلَهَا لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا إِمْرًا.'"