Tabari

Tafseer of The Night Journey · Al-Israa · 17:15

مَّنِ ٱهْتَدَىٰ فَإِنَّمَا يَهْتَدِى لِنَفْسِهِۦ ۖ وَمَن ضَلَّ فَإِنَّمَا يَضِلُّ عَلَيْهَا ۚ وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌۭ وِزْرَ أُخْرَىٰ ۗ وَمَا كُنَّا مُعَذِّبِينَ حَتَّىٰ نَبْعَثَ رَسُولًۭا

Whoever is guided is only guided for [the benefit of] his soul. And whoever errs only errs against it. And no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another. And never would We punish until We sent a messenger.

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    Allah the Exalted says: Whoever sets out upon the right path and follows it — that is the religion of Allah with which He sent His Prophet Muhammad ﷺ — فَإِنَّمَا يَهْتَدِي لِنَفسِهِ (he is guided only for himself), that is, his holding fast to the straight way and his faith in Allah and His Messenger benefit no one but himself. وَمَنْ ضَلَّ (and whoever goes astray): that is, whoever deviates from the right path and takes another way without guidance — who does not believe in Allah and Muhammad ﷺ and in what he brought of the Truth from Allah — he harms by his straying and his deviation from the guidance no one but himself, for through it he earns Allah's wrath and His painful punishment. By فَإِنَّمَا يَضِلُّ عَلَيْهَا (he strays only against himself) He means: he loads the guilt of his straying upon himself, not upon another.

    His word وَلا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى (no bearer of burdens bears the burden of another) means: no bearer bears another's burden of sins. It says وَازِرَةٌ (a bearing, sinful one) and وِزْرَ أُخْرَى (the burden of another) because the actual meaning is: no sinful soul bears the burden of another sinful soul. One says: "I bore this" (wazartu) — the word wazr (burden) means sin, with the plural awzār, as Allah says: وَلَكِنَّا حُمِّلْنَا أَوْزَارًا مِنْ زِينَةِ الْقَوْمِ (but we were laden with burdens — the ornaments of the people). The import of the passage is: no sinful soul bears the sin of another, but upon every soul rests its own sin, not the sin of another.

    As Bishr related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning وَلا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى (no bearer of burdens bears the burden of another): "By Allah, Allah does not impose upon a servant the sin of another, and holds him accountable only for his own deed."

    His word وَمَا كُنَّا مُعَذِّبِينَ حَتَّى نَبْعَثَ رَسُولا (and We did not punish until We had sent a messenger): Allah the Exalted says: We destroyed no people except after We had given them excuse through the messengers and had laid the burden of proof upon them through signs that removed every excuse.

    As Bishr related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word وَمَا كُنَّا مُعَذِّبِينَ حَتَّى نَبْعَثَ رَسُولا (and We did not punish until We had sent a messenger): "Allah the Exalted punishes no one before a message from Allah has reached him or a clear proof from Allah has come to him. He punishes no one except for his own sin."

    Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, he said: Muhammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, he said: "On the Day of Resurrection Allah the Exalted gathers the souls of those who died in the interval (the fatra), the feeble-minded, the deaf, the mute, and the aged who fell into senility while Islam had come, and then sends to them a messenger who says: 'Enter the Fire.' They say: 'How so, when no messenger came to us?' By Allah, had they entered it, it would have been cool and safe for them. Then He sends to them a messenger again, and whoever before that time would have wished to obey, obeys." Abū Hurayra said: "Recite, if you wish: وَمَا كُنَّا مُعَذِّبِينَ حَتَّى نَبْعَثَ رَسُولا (and We did not punish until We had sent a messenger)."

    Al-Qāsim related to us, he said: al-Husayn related to us, he said: Abū Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Hammām, on the authority of Abū Hurayra — likewise.

    Show original Arabic
    يقول تعالى ذكره: من استقام على طريق الحقّ فاتبعه، وذلك دين الله الذي ابتعث به نبيه محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم عليه وسلم (فإِنَّمَا يهتَدِي لِنَفسِهِ) يقول: فليس ينفع بلزومه الاستقامة، وإيمانه بالله ورسوله غير نفسه (وَمَنْ ضَلَّ) يقول: ومن جار عن قصد السبيل، فأخذ على غير هدى، وكفر بالله وبمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم وبما جاء به من عند الله من الحقّ، فليس يضرّ بضلاله وجوره عن الهدى غير نفسه، لأنه يوجب لها بذلك غضب الله وأليم عذابه.. وإنما عنى بقوله ( فَإِنَّمَا يَضِلُّ عَلَيْهَا ) فإنما يكسب إثم ضلاله عليها لا على غيرها، وقوله ( وَلا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى ) يعني تعالى ذكره: ولا تحمل حاملة حمل أخرى غيرها من الآثام. وقال ( وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى ) لأن معناها: ولا تزر نفس وازرة وزر نفس أخرى يقال منه: وزرت كذا أزره وزرا، والوزر: هو الإثم، يجمع أوزارا، كما قال تعالى وَلَكِنَّا حُمِّلْنَا أَوْزَارًا مِنْ زِينَةِ الْقَوْمِ وكأن معنى الكلام: ولا تأثم آثمة إثم أخرى، ولكن على كل نفس إثمها دون إثم غيرها من الأنفس. كما حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة ( وَلا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى ) والله ما يحمل الله على عبد ذنب غيره، ولا يؤاخذ إلا بعمله. وقوله ( وَمَا كُنَّا مُعَذِّبِينَ حَتَّى نَبْعَثَ رَسُولا ) يقول تعالى ذكره: وما كنا مهلكي قوم إلا بعد الإعذار إليهم بالرسل، وإقامة الحجة عليهم بالآيات التي تقطع عذرهم. كما حدثنا بشر ، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله ( وَمَا كُنَّا مُعَذِّبِينَ حَتَّى نَبْعَثَ رَسُولا ) : إن الله تبارك وتعالى ليس يعذب أحدا حتى يسبق إليه من الله خبرا، أو يأتيه من الله بيِّنة، وليس معذّبا أحدا إلا بذنبه. حدثنا محمد بن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا محمد بن ثور، عن معمر، عن قتادة، عن أبي هريرة، قال: إذا كان يوم القيامة، جمع الله تبارك وتعالى نسم الذين ماتوا في الفترة والمعتوه والأصمّ والأبكم، والشيوخ الذين جاء الإسلام وقد خرفوا، ثم أرسل رسولا أن ادخلوا النار، فيقولون: كيف ولم يأتنا رسول، وايم الله لو دخلوها لكانت عليهم بردا وسلاما، ثم يرسل إليهم، فيطيعه من كان يريد أن يطيعه قبل؛ قال أبو هريرة: اقرءوا إن شئتم ( وَمَا كُنَّا مُعَذِّبِينَ حَتَّى نَبْعَثَ رَسُولا ). حدثنا القاسم ، قال: ثنا الحسين، قال: ثنا أبو سفيان، عن معمر، عن همام، عن أبي هريرة نحوه.