Tafseer of The Bee · An-Nahl · 16:69
Then eat from all the fruits and follow the ways of your Lord laid down [for you]." There emerges from their bellies a drink, varying in colors, in which there is healing for people. Indeed in that is a sign for a people who give thought.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Allah, the Exalted, says: Eat then, O bee, of the fruits. فَاسْلُكِي سُبُلَ رَبِّكِ (and follow the ways of your Lord) — that is to say: travel the ways of your Lord. ذُلُلا (submissively obedient): that is to say — subjected to you. Al-dhulul is the plural of dhalūl (gentle, willing).
In accordance with what we have said concerning this, the exegetes spoke.
Mention of who said that:
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to us, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us; and al-Muthanná related to us, saying: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, on the authority of Warqāʾ, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the word of Allah فَاسْلُكِي سُبُلَ رَبِّكِ ذُلُلا : he said: "no traveled path becomes too difficult for her."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning فَاسْلُكِي سُبُلَ رَبِّكِ ذُلُلا : he said: "submissive ways — no traveled path becomes too difficult for her." On the basis of this interpretation that Mujāhid gave, "al-dhulul" is a qualification of "al-subul" (the ways).
And the interpretation of فَاسْلُكِي سُبُلَ رَبِّكِ ذُلُلا is — the ways are submissive to you: no way that you travel becomes too difficult for you — with the articles being omitted and the word standing in the accusative as a circumstantial qualifier (ḥāl).
Others said something different, as Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning the word فَاسْلُكِي سُبُلَ رَبِّكِ ذُلُلا : that is to say — obedient.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning ذُلُلا : he said: "obedient."
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb related to us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning the word فَاسْلُكِي سُبُلَ رَبِّكِ ذُلُلا : he said: "al-dhalūl is the one who is led and brought wherever its master wishes. They draw the bees along when they go out to pasture and depart, and the bees follow them." And he recited أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّا خَلَقْنَا لَهُمْ مِمَّا عَمِلَتْ أَيْدِينَا أَنْعَامًا فَهُمْ لَهَا مَالِكُونَ * وَذَلَّلْنَاهَا لَهُمْ to the end of the verse. On the basis of this view, "al-dhulul" is a qualification of the bees. Both views are not far from the truth in their correctness, but we prefer that it be a qualification of the ways, because it stands closest to that.
His word يَخْرُجُ مِنْ بُطُونِهَا شَرَابٌ مُخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوَانُهُ (from its bellies comes forth a drink of varying colors): Allah, the Exalted, says: from the bellies of the bees comes forth a drink, namely honey, of varying colors — for there is white, red, and yellowish, and other colors beyond these.
Imam al-Ṭabarī says: "asḥar" means: varying colors such as white with a tinge of red.
His word فِيهِ شِفَاءٌ لِلنَّاسِ (therein is healing for the people): the exegetes differed concerning to what the pronoun "h" in فِيهِ refers back. Some said: it refers back to the Qurʾān — that is what is meant.
Mention of who said that:
Naṣr ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: al-Muḥāribī related to us, on the authority of Layth, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning فِيهِ شِفَاءٌ لِلنَّاسِ : he said: "in the Qurʾān is healing."
Others said: it refers back to the honey.
Mention of who said that:
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning the word يَخْرُجُ مِنْ بُطُونِهَا شَرَابٌ مُخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوَانُهُ فِيهِ شِفَاءٌ لِلنَّاسِ : "therein is healing, as Allah the Exalted has said, for illnesses" — and he used to forbid the dispersing of bee colonies and the killing of them.
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda: he said: "a man came to the Prophet ﷺ and mentioned that his brother complained of his belly. The Prophet ﷺ said: go and give your brother honey to drink. When he returned he said: it has only made him worse. The Prophet ﷺ said: go and give your brother honey to drink — Allah has spoken the truth and the belly of your brother lies. He gave him to drink and it was as though he had been released from a chain."
Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq related to us, saying: Maʿmar related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning يَخْرُجُ مِنْ بُطُونِهَا شَرَابٌ مُخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوَانُهُ فِيهِ شِفَاءٌ لِلنَّاسِ : he said: "a man came to the Prophet ﷺ" — and he mentioned something similar.
Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: his father related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of Abū al-Aḥwaṣ, on the authority of ʿAbdullāh: he said: "two healings: honey as a healing for every illness, and the Qurʾān as a healing for what is in the hearts."
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning فِيهِ شِفَاءٌ لِلنَّاسِ : "the honey."
This view — that is to say the view of Qatāda — is the most correct for the interpretation of the verse, because the word فِيهِ stands in the context of the report about the honey, so that the pronoun refers back to the honey — since it stands in the context of the report concerning it — and this is more correct than referring to something else.
His word إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لآيَةً لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ (Truly, in that is a sign for a people who reflect): Allah, the Exalted, says: in the fact that Allah brings forth from the bellies of these bees a drink of varying colors — which is a healing for the people — is a proof and a clear divine evidence that the One Who has made the bees submissive and shown them the way to eat of the fruits that they eat, and led them to build dwellings in the mountains, the trees, and the climbing plants, and Who brought forth from their bellies what He brought forth as a healing for the people — He is the One Who is Unique, to Whom nothing is equal, and that no associate befits Him and the divinity belongs to Him alone.