Tafseer of The Bee · An-Nahl · 16:110
Then, indeed your Lord, to those who emigrated after they had been compelled [to renounce their religion] and thereafter fought [for the cause of Allah] and were patient - indeed, your Lord, after that, is Forgiving and Merciful
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Allah the Exalted says: Then your Lord, O Muḥammad, toward those who migrated away from their dwellings, abodes, and tribes from among the polytheists (mushrikīn), and who went over to the dwellings of the Muslims, their abodes, and the people of their loyalty — after the polytheists (mushrikīn) who lived in their midst had seduced them away from their religion before their migration (hijra), and after they had thereafter fought the polytheists (mushrikīn) with their hands by the sword and with their tongues by disavowing them and what they worshipped besides Allah, and patiently persevered in their struggle against them — إِنَّ رَبَّكَ مِنْ بَعْدِهَا لَغَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ ("indeed, your Lord, after that, is Forgiving, Merciful"): He says: your Lord, after their deed, is Forgiving toward them — that is: a concealer of what they did in giving the polytheists (mushrikīn) what they wanted from them of words of unbelief (kufr) with their tongues, while they concealed something else in their hearts and professed faith (īmān) — Merciful toward them, in that He will not punish them for this, since they returned to Allah and showed repentance.
It has been transmitted from some of the scholars of interpretation (tafsīr) that this āya was revealed concerning a group of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ who had remained behind in Mecca after the migration (hijra) of the Prophet ﷺ. The polytheists (mushrikīn) exerted heavy pressure upon them until they enticed them away from their religion. They despaired of their repentance, and Allah revealed this āya concerning them — whereupon they undertook the hijra and joined the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
Mention of who said that: Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid concerning مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِيمَانِهِ إِلا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالإِيمَانِ — he said: "A number of people in Mecca believed. Some of the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ in Medina wrote to them: 'Migrate, for we do not regard you as one of us until you have come over to us.' They set out on the road to Medina, but Quraysh overtook them and seduced them, so that they uttered unbelief (kufr) under compulsion. Concerning them this āya was revealed."
Al-Qāsim related to me, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid — to the same effect.
Ibn Jurayj said: Allah the Exalted said: مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِيمَانِهِ — then this was abrogated (nusikha) and an exception was made, and He said: ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا فُتِنُوا ثُمَّ جَاهَدُوا وَصَبَرُوا إِنَّ رَبَّكَ مِنْ بَعْدِهَا لَغَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ .
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا فُتِنُوا ثُمَّ جَاهَدُوا وَصَبَرُوا إِنَّ رَبَّكَ مِنْ بَعْدِهَا لَغَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ : "It has been related to us that when Allah revealed that the Islam of the people of Mecca would not be accepted until they undertook the hijra, the people of Medina wrote to their allies among the people of Mecca. After that reached them, they made a pact among themselves that they would depart, and if the polytheists (mushrikīn) of Mecca came after them, they would fight them until they either escaped or reached Allah. They set out, but the polytheists (mushrikīn) overtook them. They fought them, and some were killed and some escaped. Allah the Exalted then revealed: ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا فُتِنُوا ... the āya."
Aḥmad ibn Manṣūr related to us, saying: Abū Aḥmad al-Zubayrī related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Sharīk related to us, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Dīnār, on the authority of ʿIkrima, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: "There was a group of people of Mecca who had embraced Islam and who concealed their Islam. The polytheists (mushrikīn) brought them out on the Day of Badr, and some were killed and some were killed. The Muslims said: 'Our companions were Muslims and were compelled — ask Allah's forgiveness for them.' Allah then revealed: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلائِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ ... to the end of the āya." He said: and the Muslims wrote to those who remained in Mecca: "There is no excuse for you." He said: "They set out, and the polytheists (mushrikīn) overtook them and compelled them into the trial (fitna). Then this āya was revealed: وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ فَإِذَا أُوذِيَ فِي اللَّهِ جَعَلَ فِتْنَةَ النَّاسِ كَعَذَابِ اللَّهِ ... to the end of the āya. Then the Muslims wrote that to them, whereupon they set out but had abandoned all hope of good. Thereafter it was revealed concerning them: ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا فُتِنُوا ثُمَّ جَاهَدُوا وَصَبَرُوا إِنَّ رَبَّكَ مِنْ بَعْدِهَا لَغَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ . The Muslims wrote that to them: 'Allah has made for you a way out.' They set out, but the polytheists (mushrikīn) overtook them and fought them, after which whoever escaped escaped and whoever was killed was killed."
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq, who said: "This āya was revealed concerning ʿAmmār ibn Yāsir, ʿAyyāsh ibn Abī Rabīʿa, and al-Walīd ibn al-Walīd: ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا فُتِنُوا ثُمَّ جَاهَدُوا وَصَبَرُوا ."
Others said: this āya was in fact revealed concerning the affair of Ibn Abī Sarḥ.
Mention of who said that:
Ibn Ḥumayd related to me, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Wāḍiḥ related to us, on the authority of al-Ḥusayn, on the authority of Yazīd, on the authority of ʿIkrima and al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī, who said concerning Sūrat al-Naḥl: مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِيمَانِهِ إِلَّا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمَانِ وَلَكِنْ مَنْ شَرَحَ بِالْكُفْرِ صَدْرًا فَعَلَيْهِمْ غَضَبٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ — then this was abrogated (nusikha) and an exception was made, and He said: ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا فُتِنُوا ثُمَّ جَاهَدُوا وَصَبَرُوا إِنَّ رَبَّكَ مِنْ بَعْدِهَا لَغَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ — and this is ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Sarḥ, who used to write down the revelation for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Satan seduced him and he joined the unbelievers (kuffār). The Prophet ﷺ ordered that he be killed (yuqtal) on the day of the Conquest of Mecca. Abū ʿAmr pleaded for him and the Prophet ﷺ granted him amnesty.