Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The discourse on the explanation of the saying of Allah the Exalted: فَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا عَلَى يُوسُفَ آوَى إِلَيْهِ أَبَوَيْهِ وَقَالَ ادْخُلُوا مِصْرَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ آمِنِينَ (And when they entered upon Yūsuf, he took his parents to himself and said: Enter Egypt, if Allah wills, in security) (99)

   Abū Jaʿfar said: Allah the Exalted says: When Yaʿqūb and his sons and their households entered upon Yūsuf, (he took his parents to himself) — he says: he drew his parents toward himself. And he said to them: (Enter Egypt, if Allah wills, in security).

   * * *

   If someone were to ask: How could Yūsuf say to them: (Enter Egypt, if Allah wills, in security), after they had already entered it? For Allah the Exalted has indeed informed about them that when they entered upon Yūsuf and he drew his parents toward himself, he spoke this word to them?

   The answer is: The exegetes differed concerning this.

   Some said: Yaʿqūb only entered upon Yūsuf — he and his sons — and Yūsuf drew his parents toward himself before entering Egypt. They said: Yūsuf had gone out to meet his father to honor him, before entering Egypt; he drew him toward himself and then said to him and those with him: (Enter Egypt, if Allah wills, in security) — before entering it.

   Mention of who said that:

   19877 - Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: ʿAmr related to us, on the authority of Asbāṭ, on the authority of al-Suddī: They loaded up their families and relatives and brought them to him. When they drew near to Egypt, Yūsuf spoke with the king above him, and he and the kings went out to meet them. When they drew near to Egypt, he said: (Enter Egypt, if Allah wills, in security). (And when they entered upon Yūsuf, he took his parents to himself.)

   19878 - Al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz related to us, saying: Jaʿfar ibn Sulaymān related to us, on the authority of Farqad al-Sabakhī, who said: When the shirt was placed upon his face, he became seeing again. He said: (Bring me all your household.) Yaʿqūb and the brothers of Yūsuf were transported. When Yūsuf was informed that he was drawing near to him, he went out to meet him. The people of Egypt rode out with him, for they honored him. When the two drew near to one another — Yaʿqūb was walking and leaning upon one of his sons, named Yahūdhā — Yaʿqūb looked at the riders and the people and said: O Yahūdhā, is that the Pharaoh of Egypt? He said: No, that is your son! When each of the two drew near to the other, Yūsuf wished to be the first to greet him, but was prevented from this, for Yaʿqūb had more right to it and was more exalted. Yaʿqūb said: Peace be upon you, O dispeller of sorrows from me — thus he said it: "O dispeller of sorrows from me."

   19879 - Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj said: It was reported to me that Yūsuf and the king rode out with four thousand men to meet Yaʿqūb and his sons. And he related to me from someone who heard Jaʿfar ibn Sulaymān narrate, on the authority of Farqad al-Sabakhī, who said: Yūsuf went out to meet Yaʿqūb, and the people of Egypt rode out with Yūsuf — and then the rest of the account similar to the account of al-Ḥārith from ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz.

   * * *

   Others said: His saying (if Allah wills) is a qualification upon the saying of Yaʿqūb: (I shall ask my Lord to forgive you). They said: It is of that which is placed later but in reality belongs earlier. They said: The meaning of the text is: He said: I shall ask my Lord to forgive you, if Allah wills; He is indeed the Forgiving, the Merciful. When they entered upon Yūsuf, he took his parents to himself and said: Enter Egypt.

   Mention of who said that:

   19880 - Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj: He said: I shall ask my Lord to forgive you, if Allah wills, in security — and between them stands that which the text of the Qurʾān has placed in reversed order.

   * * *

   Abū Jaʿfar said: Ibn Jurayj means by his saying "and between them stands that which the text of the Qurʾān has placed in reversed order" — that between his saying (I shall soon ask my Lord to forgive you) and his saying (if Allah wills) there stands an intervening text, and that in his view it ought to have followed immediately upon his saying (I shall soon ask my Lord to forgive you).

   * * *

   Abū Jaʿfar said: The correct saying concerning this, in our view, is what al-Suddī said: namely that Yūsuf said this to his parents and those who were with them, before their entering Egypt, when he had gone out to meet them — for thus reads the outward sense of the revealed text. There is no proof for the correctness of what Ibn Jurayj said, and there is no reason to move anything in the Book of Allah from its place, forward or backward, except with a clear proof.

   * * *

   It is said that by his saying (he took his parents to himself) his father and his aunt are meant. Those who say this hold: the mother of Yūsuf had died beforehand, and with Yaʿqūb on that day was only his aunt — his mother's sister — whom he had married after his mother.

   Mention of who said that:

   19881 - Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: ʿAmr related to us, on the authority of Asbāṭ, on the authority of al-Suddī: (And when they entered upon Yūsuf, he took his parents to himself) — he said: his father and his aunt.

   * * *

   Others said: Rather, it was his father and his mother.

   Mention of who said that:

   19882 - Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq: (And when they entered upon Yūsuf, he took his parents to himself) — he said: his father and his mother.

   * * *

   Abū Jaʿfar said: The more correct of the two sayings concerning this, in our view, is what Ibn Isḥāq said; for that is the most current meaning in the usage of the people and the most well-known among them for "the two parents" — unless what is said about the death of the mother of Yūsuf before that time is established by a proof that ought to be accepted, in which case one must accept it.

   * * *

   His saying: (Enter Egypt, if Allah wills, in security) — after what you had endured in your desert region of drought and famine.

   Show original Arabic

   القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : فَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا عَلَى يُوسُفَ آوَى إِلَيْهِ أَبَوَيْهِ وَقَالَ ادْخُلُوا مِصْرَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ آمِنِينَ (99) قال أبو جعفر: يقول جل ثناؤه: فلما دخل يعقوب وولده وأهلوهم على يوسف ، (آوَى إِلَيْهِ أَبَوَيْهِ) ، يقول: ضم إليه أبويه (10) فقال لهم: (ادْخُلُوا مِصْرَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ آمِنِينَ) . * * * فإن قال قائل: وكيف قال لهم يوسف: (ادْخُلُوا مِصْرَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ آمِنِينَ) ، بعد ما دخلوها , وقد أخبر الله عز وجل عنهم أنهم لما دخلوها على يوسف وضَمّ إليه أبويه، قال لهم هذا القول؟ قيل: قد اختلف أهل التأويل في ذلك. فقال بعضهم: إن يعقوب إنما دخل على يوسف هو وولده , وآوى يوسف أبويه إليه قبل دخول مصر. قالوا: وذلك أن يوسف تلقَّى أباه تكرمةً له قبل أن يدخل مصر , فآواه إليه , ثم قال له ولمن معه: (ادْخُلُوا مِصْرَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ آمِنِينَ) ، بها قبل الدخول . * ذكر من قال ذلك: 19877 - حدثنا ابن وكيع , قال: حدثنا عمرو , عن أسباط , عن السدي: فحملوا إليه أهلهم وعيالهم , فلما بلغوا مصر، كلَّم يوسف الملك الذي فوقه , فخرج هو والملوك يتلقَّونهم , فلما بلغوا مصر قال: (ادْخُلُوا مِصْرَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ آمِنِينَ) ، (فَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا عَلَى يُوسُفَ آوَى إِلَيْهِ أَبَوَيْهِ). 19878 - حدثني الحارث , قال: حدثنا عبد العزيز , قال: حدثنا جعفر بن سليمان , عن فرقد السبخي , قال: لما ألقي القميص على وجهه ارتد بصيرًا , وقال: ( أتوني بأهلكم أجمعين )، فحمل يعقوب وإخوة يوسف، فلما دنا أخبر يوسف أنه قد دنا منه , فخرج يتلقاه. قال: وركب معه أهلُ مصر , وكانوا يعظمونه. فلما دنا أحدهما من صاحبه , وكان يعقوب يمشي وهو يتوكأ على رجل من ولده يقال له يهوذا. قال: فنظر يعقوب إلى الخيل والناس , فقال: يا يهوذا، هذا فرعون مصر؟ قال: لا هذا ابنك! قال: فلما دنا كل واحد منهما من صاحبه , فذهب يوسف يبدؤه بالسلام , فمنع من ذلك , وكان يعقوب أحقّ بذلك منه وأفضل , فقال: السلام عليك يا ذاهب الأحزان عني ، هكذا قال: " يا ذاهب الأحزان عني". (11) 19879 - حدثنا القاسم , قال: حدثنا الحسين , قال: قال حجاج: بلغني أن يوسف والملك خرجا في أربعة آلاف يستقبلون يعقوب وبنيه. ، قال: وحدثني من سمع جعفر بن سليمان يحكي , عن فرقد السبخي , قال: خرج يوسف يتلقى يعقوب، وركب أهل مصر مع يوسف ، ثم ذكر بقية الحديث , نحو حديث الحارث , عن عبد العزيز. * * * وقال آخرون: بل قوله: ( إن شاء الله ) ، استثناءٌ من قول يعقوب لبنيه: أَسْتَغْفِرُ لَكُمْ رَبِّي . قال: وهو من المؤخر الذي معناه التقديم. قالوا: وإنما معنى الكلام: قال: أستغفر لكم ربي إن شاء الله إنه هو الغفور الرحيم . فلما دخلوا على يوسف آوى إليه أبويه، وقال ادخلوا مصر، ورفع أبويه . * ذكر من قال ذلك: 19880 - حدثنا القاسم , قال: حدثنا الحسين , قال: حدثني حجاج , عن ابن جريج: قال سوف أستغفر لكم ربي إن شاء الله آمنين ، وبَيْن ذلك ما بينه من تقديم القرآن. * * * قال أبو جعفر: يعني ابن جريج: " وبين ذلك ما بينه من تقديم القرآن " ، أنه قد دخل بين قوله: ( سوف أستغفر لكم ربي ) ، وبين قوله: ( إن شاء الله ) ، من الكلام ما قد دخل، وموضعه عنده أن يكون عَقِيب قوله: سَوْفَ أَسْتَغْفِرُ لَكُمْ رَبِّي . * * * قال أبو جعفر: والصواب من القول في ذلك عندنا ما قاله السدي, وهو أن يوسف قال ذلك لأبويه ومن معهما من أولادهما وأهاليهم قبل دخولهم مصر حين تلقَّاهم، لأن ذلك في ظاهر التنـزيل كذلك , فلا دلالة تدل على صحة ما قال ابن جريج , ولا وجه لتقديم شيء من كتاب الله عن موضعه أو تأخيره عن مكانه إلا بحجّة واضحةٍ . * * * وقيل: عُنِي بقوله: ( آوى إليه أبويه ) : ، أبوه وخالتُه. وقال الذين قالوا هذا القول: كانت أم يوسف قد ماتت قبلُ، وإنما كانت عند يعقوب يومئذ خالتُه أخت أمه , كان نكحها بعد أمِّه. * ذكر من قال ذلك: 19881 - حدثنا ابن وكيع , قال: حدثنا عمرو , عن أسباط , عن السدي: ( فلما دخلوا على يوسف آوى إليه أبويه ) ، قال: أبوه وخالته. * * * وقال آخرون: بل كان أباه وأمه . * ذكر من قال ذلك: 19882 - حدثنا ابن حميد , قال: حدثنا سلمة , عن ابن إسحاق: ( فلما دخلوا على يوسف آوى إليه أبويه ) ، قال: أباه وأمه. * * * قال أبو جعفر: وأولى القولين في ذلك بالصواب ما قاله ابن إسحاق ; لأن ذلك هو الأغلب في استعمال الناس والمتعارف بينهم في" أبوين " , إلا أن يصح ما يقال من أنّ أم يوسف كانت قد ماتت قبل ذلك بحُجة يجب التسليم لها , فيسلّم حينئذ لها. * * * وقوله: ( وقال ادخلوا مصر إن شاء الله آمنين ) ، مما كنتم فيه في باديتكم من الجدب والقحط. * * * ---------------------- الهوامش: (10) انظر تفسير" الإيواء" فيما سلف ص : 169 ، تعليق : 1 ،" والمراجع هناك . (11) يعني أنه قال ذلك معديًا" ذهب" من قولهم" ذهب به ، وأذهبه" ، أي : أزاله كأنه قال : يا مذهب الأحزان عني . وهذا غريب ، يقيد لغرابته ، وانظر إلى دقة الرواية عندنا ، حتى في مثل هذه الأخبار ، ولكن أهل الزيغ يريدون أن يعبثوا بهذه الدلائل الواضحة ، ليقع الناس في الشك في أخبار نبيهم ، وفي رواية رواتهم ، والله من ورائهم محيط .