Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The explanation of the statement of the Exalted: ذَلِكَ لِيَعْلَمَ أَنِّي لَمْ أَخُنْهُ بِالْغَيْبِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَهْدِي كَيْدَ الْخَائِنِينَ (52) ("That is so that he may know that I did not betray him in secret, and that Allah does not let the scheme of the treacherous succeed." (12:52))

   Abū Jaʿfar said: By His statement (that is so that he may know that I did not betray him in secret) is meant: this deed which I performed — namely that I sent back the king's messenger to him, that I refused to answer his summons and to go to him, and that I requested him to question the women who had cut their hands, about their situation when they cut their hands — that deed I performed only so that he would know that I did not betray him with regard to his wife. "In secret" (bi-l-ghayb), that is to say: I did not commit any shameful act with her in the state in which he was absent from me. (36) And if he did not commit that during his absence, then in the state of his presence he is all the more far removed from committing it, as in:-

   19421- Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, he said: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq, who said: Yūsuf says: (that is so that he may know) — Iṭfīr, his master — (that I did not betray him in secret), that is to say: that I would not deceive him with regard to his family in a manner that he would not know.

   19422 - Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, he said: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, he said: ʿĪsā related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: (that is so that he may know that I did not betray him in secret), it is Yūsuf who says this.

   19423- Al-Muthannā related to me, he said: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, he said: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: (that is so that he may know that I did not betray him in secret), it is Yūsuf who says this: I did not betray my master.

   19424- Al-Muthannā related to me, he said: Isḥāq related to us, he said: ʿAbd Allāh related to us, on the authority of Warqāʾ, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: (that is so that he may know that I did not betray him in secret), he said: it is Yūsuf who says this.

   19425 - Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, he said: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda: (that is so that he may know that I did not betray him in secret), he said: this is the statement of Yūsuf.

   19426- Al-Muthannā related to me, he said: ʿAmr ibn ʿAwn related to us, he said: Hushaym related to us, on the authority of Ismāʿīl ibn Sālim, on the authority of Abū Ṣāliḥ, concerning His statement: (that is so that he may know that I did not betray him in secret), he said: it is Yūsuf; he did not betray al-ʿAzīz with regard to his wife.

   19427- It was related to me on the authority of al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Faraj, he said: I heard Abū Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd related to us, he said: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning His statement: "that is so that he may know that I did not betray him in secret": it is Yūsuf who says: I did not betray the king in secret.

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   And His statement: (and that Allah does not let the scheme of the treacherous succeed), He says: I did that so that my master would know that I did not betray him in secret, (and that Allah does not let the scheme of the treacherous succeed), He says: and that Allah does not validate the conduct of whoever betrays the trusts entrusted to him (amānāt), and does not guide aright their deeds in their betrayal thereof. (37)

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   And His statement (that is so that he may know that I did not betray him in secret) is connected to the statement of the wife of al-ʿAzīz: أَنَا رَاوَدْتُهُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ وَإِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ ("I tried to seduce him to myself, and he is truly among the truthful."), on account of the fact that the listeners know its meaning, just as the statement of Allah وَكَذَلِكَ يَفْعَلُونَ ("And thus they act.") is connected to the statement of the woman وَجَعَلُوا أَعِزَّةَ أَهْلِهَا أَذِلَّةً ("And they make the honorable ones of its inhabitants into lowly ones.") [Surah An-Naml: 34]. And that is because His statement وَكَذَلِكَ يَفْعَلُونَ ("And thus they act.") is a newly begun statement, and likewise the statement of Farʿawn to his companions in "Surah Al-Aʿrāf", فَمَاذَا تَأْمُرُونَ ("So what do you advise?"), which is connected to the statement of the notables يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُخْرِجَكُمْ مِنْ أَرْضِكُمْ ("He wants to expel you from your land.") [Surah Al-Aʿrāf: 110]. (38)

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   The footnotes:

   (36) See the explanation of "al-ghayb" in what has preceded in the linguistic indexes (ghayb).

   (37) See the explanation of "al-hudā" in what has preceded in the linguistic indexes (hudā). And the explanation of "al-kayd" in what has preceded, p. 137, note 1, and the references therein.

   (38) See what has preceded 13:20.

   Show original Arabic

   القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : ذَلِكَ لِيَعْلَمَ أَنِّي لَمْ أَخُنْهُ بِالْغَيْبِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَهْدِي كَيْدَ الْخَائِنِينَ (52) قال أبو جعفر: يعني بقوله: (ذلك ليعلم أني لم أخنه بالغيب)، هذا الفعل الذي فعلتُه، من ردّي رسول الملك إليه ، وتركي إجابته والخروج إليه ، ومسألتي إيّاه أن يسأل النسوة اللاتي قطَّعن أيديهن عن شأنهن إذ قطعن أيديهن ، إنما فعلته ليعلم أني لم أخنه في زوجته ، " بالغيب "، يقول: لم أركب منها فاحشةً في حال غيبته عني . (36) وإذا لم يركب ذلك بمغيبه ، فهو في حال مشهده إياه أحرى أن يكون بعيدًا من ركوبه ، كما:- 19421- حدثنا ابن حميد قال ، حدثنا سلمة ، عن ابن إسحاق قال ،يقول يوسف: (ذلك ليعلم)، إطفير سيده ، (أني لم أخنه بالغيب)، أني لم أكن لأخالفه إلى أهله من حيث لا يعلمه. 19422 - حدثني محمد بن عمرو قال ، حدثنا أبو عاصم قال ، حدثنا عيسى ، عن ابن أبي نجيح ، عن مجاهد: (ذلك ليعلم أني لم أخنه بالغيب)، يوسف يقوله. 19423- حدثني المثنى قال ، حدثنا أبو حذيفة قال ، حدثنا شبل ، عن ابن أبي نجيح ، عن مجاهد: (ذلك ليعلم أني لم أخنه بالغيب) يوسف يقوله: لم أخن سيِّدي. 19424- ....قال، حدثنا إسحاق قال ، حدثنا عبد الله ، عن ورقاء ، عن ابن أبي نجيح ، عن مجاهد: (ذلك ليعلم أني لم أخنه بالغيب)، قال يوسف يقوله. 19425 - حدثنا محمد بن عبد الأعلى قال ، حدثنا محمد بن ثور ، عن معمر ، عن قتادة: (ذلك ليعلم أني لم أخنه بالغيب)، قال: هذا قول يوسف. 19426- حدثني المثنى قال ، حدثنا عمرو بن عون قال ، حدثنا هشيم ، عن إسماعيل بن سالم ، عن أبي صالح ، في قوله: (ذلك ليعلم أني لم أخنه بالغيب)، قال هو يوسف، لم يخن العزيز في امرأته. 19427- حدِثت عن الحسين بن الفرج قال ، سمعت أبا معاذ يقول ، حدثنا عبيد قال ، سمعت الضحاك يقول في قوله : " ذلك ليعلم أني لم أخنه بالغيب " ، هو يوسف يقول: لم أخن الملك بالغيب. * * * وقوله: (وأنَّ الله لا يهدي كيد الخائنين)، يقول: فعلت ذلك ليعلم سيدي أني لم أخنه بالغيب ، ( وأن الله لا يهدي كيد الخائنين)، يقول: وأن الله لا يسدّد صنيع من خان الأمانات ، ولا يرشد فعالهم في خيانتهموها . (37) * * * واتصل قوله: (ذلك ليعلم أني لم أخنه بالغيب)، بقول امرأة العزيز: أَنَا رَاوَدْتُهُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ وَإِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ ، لمعرفة السامعين لمعناه ، كاتصال قول الله: وَكَذَلِكَ يَفْعَلُونَ ، بقول المرأة: وَجَعَلُوا أَعِزَّةَ أَهْلِهَا أَذِلَّةً ، [ سورة النمل : 34 ] وذلك أن قوله: وَكَذَلِكَ يَفْعَلُونَ ، خبر مبتدأ ، وكذلك قول فرعون لأصحابه في" سورة الأعراف "، فَمَاذَا تَأْمُرُونَ ، وهو متصل بقول الملأ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُخْرِجَكُمْ مِنْ أَرْضِكُمْ [ سورة الأعراف : 110 ] . (38) ---------------------- الهوامش: (36) انظر تفسير" الغيب" فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ( غيب ) . (37) انظر تفسير" الهدى" فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ( هدى ) . وتفسير" الكيد" فيما سلف ص : 137 ، تعليق 1 ، والمراجع هناك . (38) انظر ما سلف 13 : 20 .