Tafseer of Joseph · Yusuf · 12:109
And We sent not before you [as messengers] except men to whom We revealed from among the people of cities. So have they not traveled through the earth and observed how was the end of those before them? And the home of the Hereafter is best for those who fear Allah; then will you not reason?
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of the words of Allah the Exalted: وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ إِلا رِجَالا نُوحِي إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى أَفَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الأَرْضِ فَيَنْظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ وَلَدَارُ الآخِرَةِ خَيْرٌ لِلَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا أَفَلا تَعْقِلُونَ (verse 109)
Abū Jaʿfar says: Allah the Exalted says: "We sent before you, O Muḥammad, none but men — not women and not angels — to whom We revealed", namely Our signs, by [their] calling to obedience to Us and to devoting worship exclusively to Us, "from the people of the towns" — that is to say: from the people of the settled towns, and not the dwellers of the desert, as in:
19985. Bishr related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: (And We sent before you none but men to whom We revealed, from the people of the towns) — for these were more learned and more civilized than the dwellers of the tents (ahl al-ʿamūd).
Concerning His word: (Did they then not travel through the land) — Allah the Exalted says: Did they then travel — namely these polytheists who belie you, O Muḥammad, who reject your prophethood and deny what you brought them of the oneness of Allah and the sincere devotion of obedience and worship to Him — (through the land, so that they might see how it ended with those who were before them), when these belied Our messengers? Did We not send Our punishment down upon them and destroy them with it, and save Our messengers and Our followers? Would they then not reflect and take a lesson from it?
Mention of those who said this:
19986. Al-Qāsim related to us, he said: al-Ḥusayn related to us, he said: Ḥajjāj related to me, he said: Ibn Jurayj said concerning His word: (And We sent before you none but men to whom We revealed) — he said: they said: مَا أَنْـزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ [Sūrat al-Anʿām: 91]. And he said: His word: وَمَا أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ وَلَوْ حَرَصْتَ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ * وَمَا تَسْأَلُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ [Sūrat Yūsuf: 103–104], and His word: وَكَأَيِّنْ مِنْ آيَةٍ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ يَمُرُّونَ عَلَيْهَا [Sūrat Yūsuf: 105], and His word: أَفَأَمِنُوا أَنْ تَأْتِيَهُمْ غَاشِيَةٌ مِنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ [Sūrat Yūsuf: 107], and His word: (Did they then not travel through the land, so that they might see) — whom We have destroyed? He said: all of this He said to the Quraysh: "Did they then not travel through the land and see the traces of them? So that they might take a lesson from it and reflect?"
Concerning His word: (And surely, the abode of the Hereafter is better) — Allah the Exalted says: This is Our practice in the world toward the people of Our friendship and obedience — that when Our punishment descends upon the people who are Our transgressors and the polytheists, We save them from it. And what is in the abode of the Hereafter for them is better.
And the omission of what we have mentioned — [pertains to] sufficing with the indication of His word: (and surely, the abode of the Hereafter is better for the God-fearing) before it. And the word "abode" (dār) was annexed to "the Hereafter" (al-ākhira), while it is itself the Hereafter — on account of the difference in wordings, as is said: إِنَّ هَذَا لَهُوَ حَقُّ الْيَقِينِ [Sūrat al-Wāqiʿa: 95], and as one says: "I visited you the year of the foregoing, the night of yore, the first night, and the day of Thursday". And as the poet said:
"Do you praise Faqʿas and revile ʿAbs? Woe to Allah, what a half-breed is your mother! Had the house of ʿAbs departed from you and been emptied, You would have known humiliation as the most certain knowledge."
That is to say: knowledge which is a certainty.
Abū Jaʿfar says: The explanation of the words is therefore: "And the abode of the Hereafter is better for those who fear Allah" by fulfilling His obligations and avoiding His prohibitions.
Concerning His word: (Do they then not understand?) — He says: Do these polytheists then not understand the reality of what We say and convey to them — about the evil end of disbelief and the final destination of its people — taking into account what they have already witnessed, seen and heard of what descended upon the disbelieving, earlier peoples who belied the messengers of their Lord?